Circulatory system
Class - IX
Debasish Mandal
the oriental seminary
OBSERVATION:
Water, fountain, pipe, coconut water, straw, sugarcane juice machine, conveyer belt, canal, river, pump machine, agricultural field, door, movable partition, collapsible gate, sponge, artesian well, bladder of football, spider net, leaf venation, liquor of tea, syrup, honey, water extract of rice, capillary tube
CONTEXTUALISATION:
Accessing Background
l Amoeba l Water vascular system l Nerve l Pressure
l Hydra l Vacuole l Meat, Fish l Force
l Starfish l Muscle cell l Saline water l Chamber
l Sponge l Epithelial squamous cell l Sugar water l Diameter
l White fibre l Salt-Sugar water l Colloid
l Citrous water
l Mud water l Milk l Tea with milk l O2, CO2 l Sulcus l Accident l Dying person l Blood donation camp l Filter l Anaemia l Jaundice l Question Paper
Contextual MATERIAL:
Film- Ashoka - kalinga war( clip) , The pianist (CLIP) -Second World War .Mobile cam docu - Connection of pump with water tank and pipeline of house , History of English Royal Family, Rasputin, Film clip – Dracula( BLOOD SUCKING CLIP) Florence Nightingale l Speech of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose l Frank Orel l Leech l Malaria l Thalassaemia l AIDS
l Haemophilia l Diagram of heart l Chart of circulatory system l Blood collected at test tube l Mesentery of toad. Multimedia production of heart and circulatory system.
l Haemophilia l Diagram of heart l Chart of circulatory system l Blood collected at test tube l Mesentery of toad. Multimedia production of heart and circulatory system.
Cognitive APPRENTICESHIP:
Drinking of water and its fate l Fate of different components of food l Fate of gas collected from air l Biting of mosquito l Chest pain l Feeling sound at chest l Sensation of pulse at the wrist of hand l Red capillary on the white portion of eye l Blue vessel along wrist of hand l Oozing of red fluid through cut / wound l Salt sensation of red fluid collect form ruptured vessel l Blood report of patient.
COLLABORATION:
Students discuss amongst themselves and equally with facilitator on following matters and facilitator help to pursue or the following things —
What is cell ? l When numerous cells are packed what is formed ? l What is the fate of different cell groups when they are packed ? l How nutrients are transported to different cell after intake and digestion of food ? l Why lub-dup sound is only felt only on the left side of chest ? l How O2 and CO2 exchange takes place ? l How metabolic wastes are eliminated ? l How many types of vessels are present in our body ? l Which type of fluid are flown through these vessels ? l Whether the fluid is flown circularly? l Why do we become senseless ? l Why do we lose sensation at our legs when we stand for a long time ? l Whether two persons can be differentiated on the basis of difference of this
fluid ?
fluid ?
Interpretation CONSTRUCTION:
l When fish or goat is cut into pieces red coloured fluids come out. Similar oozing of fluid is observed from any cut / wound portion of human.
l The fluid becomes clotted after sometime.
l Digestive system is required for food utilization and respiratory system facilitates O2 – CO2 exchange. Similarly a different system is required for the transport of these materials within our body.
l Red coloured fluid may sometimes turn into blue.
l Red colour fluid taste salty as like marine water.
l Red coloured fluid flows with a high velocity.
l Different channels are engaged for the flow of this fluid.
l A pumping organ is required for sending this fluid into different channels.
l The fluid possesses some special feature for which it cannot be shared freely.
l Cells remain suspended within this fluid.
l Some cells are nucleated while others are not.
l If cells are stained properly the cytoplasm of non nucleated cells colour red.
l The nucleated cells contain lobed nucleus, however, nucleus may become horse-shoe shaped or kidney shaped.
The fluid exerts pressure on the wall but the wall does not rupture.
l Sometime the wall of the vessel gets ruptured leading to clotting of fluid within the vessel and causes serious problems.
l Fluids sometime come out drop by drop, other time it comes out at an enormous speed.
l Sometime we feel hot, other time we sense cold due to temperature fluctuation in blood.
l We live in close association with in microbes, sometimes they are able to enter and cause outbreak of disease other time we are able to prohibit their penetrance, slower their reaction and combat their lethality.
l The cells suspended in fluid sometimes get destroyed, ruptured or lowered in number. In other cases their number are augmented.
Multiple INTERPRETATIONS:
l Circulatory system is present in our body like digestive and respiratory system.
l Three types of components are seen within circulatory system — blood, blood vessel and heart.
l Blood is red coloured, salty in taste and is circulated through blood vessels.
l Heart is the pumping organ through which blood is also circulated.
l Vein is the blood vessel when torn out, blood comes out drop by drop. However, blood oozes out at an electrifying speed from artery.
l A third type of blood vessel joins artery and vein. This is called capillary.
l Artery originates from heart and ends in capillary. Vein originates from capillary and ends in heart.
l Connective tissue, muscular issue and epithelial tissue forms the three layered wall of blood vessel. However, muscular layer in comparatively thin in case of vien.
l The wall of capillary contains only epithelial tissue.
l The cells are squamous type in epithelial tissue.
l Collagen and elastic fibres are seen in connective tissue layer.
l Smooth muscle cells are found muscular layer.
l Red coloured and blue coloured blood are flown through artery and vien respectively.
l Blood flows more rapidly through artery as it lacks valve however, the lumen of vein contains valve.
l Blood has got two parts — the fluid part is called plasma and remaining part is cell if they are allowed to settle in a blood vessel.
l Blood cells mainly are of two types – nucleated and non nucleated. Nucleated cells The non nucleated cells contain a type of red pigment in its cytoplasm while nucleated cells do not possess it.
l This pigment contains iron.
l The pigment can join with either O2 or CO2 and thus become oxidised or reduced respectively. The non nucleated cells appear red when the pigment is oxidised and blue when the pigment is reduced.
l RBC becomes biconcave to house more pigment.
l The cytoplasm of WBC contains granules or not. The nucleus of granulated WBC is lobed and horseshoe shaped nucleus is the feature of granulated WBC.
l Some circular cellular debris float in blood. They are called blood platelets.
l The position of liquid part is more than cell in blood.
l The liquid part / matrix contains water, different salts / ions and organic compounds.
l The nutrients of food, different synthesised substances and metabolic wastes are observed in this matrix.
l If any harmful microbe enters inside the body WBC becomes activated and kills the microbes or in activates the chemicals secreted from microbes.
l If blood comes out from any cut / wound or damaged blood vessel, it becomes frozen after sometime. Platelets help in this process.
l Sometimes blood does not clot and come out incessantly. Man is susceptible to any disease causing organism if their WBC number become low. Man feels feverish when this condition persists. Death in inevitable when WBC numbers reach beyond normal.
l If RBC no. become decreased body becomes pale or yellowish.
l Heart never gets tired.
l Heart is made up of a muscle which is structurally straited but functionally close to non striated muscle.
l Two types of chambers are present in heart — upper chamber receives blood while the lower chamber sends it.
l The wall of lower chamber is more muscular.
l The oxygenated and deoxygenated blood never mixes in heart.
l Sometimes blue baby is seen.
l Blood flows unidirectionally through heart.
l If blood is not saturated with plenty of O2 cardiac pain is felt.
l The diameter of lumen of blood vessel sometimes become constricted.
l Blood pressure may either increase or decrease.
l Heart is connected with lung and rest of the body through different circuit.
l Besides blood another type of yellow coloured fluid is present in the circulatory system.
Multiple MANIFESTATIONS:
Learners can understand
l The steps of body formation is as follows —
Cell ® Tissue ® Organ ® System ® Body
l Veins except one instance generally carry less oxygenated blood. This occurs while blood comes from lung to heart.
l Artery generally carries more oxygenated blood except in carrying blood from heart to lung.
l Change of food habit may adversely affect the flow of blood through blood vessel.
l Smoking may increase CO2 content in blood and can cause cardiac ailment.
l Sedentary life style may pose serious problem to circulatory system.
l Repetitive infection in throat may impair the functions of valves of heart.
l Salt intake, if increased, may cause high blood pressure.
l Blood grouping may be helpful for safe blood transfusion.
l Donation of blood does not exhaust the volume of blood, rather replenishes it.
l If the same needle is used for drawing or pushing blood, blood may be infected.
l Heart is a modified blood vessel.
l Pacemaker is essential when rythmicity of heart is lost.
l Able to take measure in snake bite.
l Aware of hereditary blood disease and take proper action during marital relationship.
l Able to trace back the origin of life in sea water.
EVALUATION
1. Fill in the blanks with proper words : 1×5=5
(a) The pumping organ of our body is . -----------------
(b) Artery originates from heart and ends in ----------------- -
(c) Exchange of O2 and CO2 occurs in .---------------------------
(d) Controls the unidirectional flow of blood.--------------------
(e) Auricle receives more oxygenated blood.---------------------
2. Tick the correct alternative : 1×5=5
(a) The non nucleated cell of blood is (RBC / Neutrophil / Eosinophil / Basophil)
(b) The blood cell helping in coagulation is (RBC / Platelet / Neutrophil / Eosinophil)
(c) The chamber of heart sending blood to lung is (Right auricle / Right ventricle / Left auricle / Left ventricle).
(d) The blood cell which provides immunity is (RBC / WBC / Platelet / Hepatocyte)
(e) Mature RBC is biconcave and nucleated / biconvex and non nucleated / biconcave and non nucleated / concave and non nucleated.
3. Answer the following questions: 2×5=10
3.1. What are the similarities in between blood, bone and tendon ?
3.2. Why blood flows uninterruptedly within blood vessel ?
3.3. State one structural and one functional difference in between artery and vein.
3.4. State the importance of biconcave shape of RBC.
3.5. Do you think donation of blood exhort the source of blood in your body ?
4. Answer the following questions: 3×5=15
4.1. Mention the components of blood in a tabular form.
4.2. State the functions of blood.
4.3. How purified blood is supplied to each and every cell of our body ?
4.4. Name three blood diseases due to abnormalities in blood cell.
4.5. Draw a neat diagram of longitudinal section of human heart and shows the point of connection of different types of blood vessel.
Answer Key :
1. (a) heart (b) capillary (c) capillary (d) valve (e) left
2. (a) RBC (b) Platelet (c) Right ventricle (d) WBC (e) biconcave and non nucleated.
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